
If you were traversing the ancient Tethys ocean some 115 million years ago and encountered gigantic lamniform sharks, you’d most definitely need a bigger boat.
Lamniformes, an order of sharks that includes the great white of Jaws infamy, evolved around 135 million years ago and may have begun as wee, shallow water-dwelling creatures—around 3 feet long. But over time, they evolved into massive, fearsome fish that ruled the world’s oceans, for example the extinct megalodon that might have surpassed 50 feet long.
Previous evidence suggested that lamniformes swelled in size to hit the top of the marine food chain around 100 million years ago. Now, fossilized vertebrae found in Australia push this timeline back some 15 million years. These vertebrae appear to have belonged to a type of lamniform called a cardabiodontid, a hefty mega-predatory shark that swam among huge marine reptile neighbors such as plesiosaurs and ichthyosaurs while dinosaurs roamed land.
This ancient ocean beast weighed more than 3 tons and measured between around 20 and 26 feet long, scientists reported in Communications Biology. According to statistical analysis of data from almost 2,000 modern sharks, the authors suggest that this ancient shark ballooned in size relatively early in its evolutionary history, about 20 million years after lamniformes emerged.
“This discovery changes the timeline for when sharks started getting really big,” said study author Mikael Siversson, a paleontologist at the Western Australian Museum, in a statement. “It turns out, they evolved a giant body size much earlier than we originally thought and were already top predators in shallow seas.”
Read more: “You’re Going to Need a Bigger Light”
The cardabiodontid vertebrae were discovered at a dig site called the Darwin Formation in northern Australia, which was once part of a shallow shelf bordering the Tethys ocean that sat between modern-day Australia and Europe. The same site has also revealed ancient marine reptiles, ray-finned fish, and other types of sharks.
The shark fossils were a rare find: Their skeletons are made of rubbery cartilage and don’t tend to stick around, so most known shark remnants are teeth. But these vertebrae were partially mineralized, keeping them relatively well preserved over the millennia.
Overall, the recent cardabiodontid findings reveal “a lot about how ancient food webs worked” Siversson said, and show “just how important Australia’s fossil sites are for understanding prehistoric life.”
Enjoying Nautilus? Subscribe to our free newsletter.
Lead image: Polyanna von Knorring, Swedish Museum of Natural History
This story was originally featured on Nautilus.
LATEST POSTS
- 1
Netflix’s Price Hikes Just Got Rejected by an Italian Court. Here’s Why It Matters Everywhere - 2
6 Tire Brands Reasonable for Seniors - 3
It Looks Like a Tiny, Fluffy Dragon, But It's Really a Bird. Meet the Great Eared Nightjar - 4
A24's 'Backrooms' trailer shows endless fluorescent-lit spaces and terrifying mannequins melting into the floor - 5
Birds at a college changed beak shapes during the pandemic. It might be a case of rapid evolution
Bennu asteroid samples provide clues about solar system origins and 'space gum'
High Court freezes government move to shutter Army Radio pending ruling
An Investigate of 6 Creative Specialty Mixed drinks
How to watch the ‘Wicked: One Wonderful Night’ special — now streaming
Australia Cracks Down on Gambling Ads as Prediction Markets Like Polymarket Remain Blocked
Inside The Design-Forward Wellness Hotel Marking A New Chapter In Medellín
Voting begins in Uganda’s presidential election during internet shutdown and polling station delays
Figure out How to Protect Your Gold Venture from Unpredictability
What to know about King Charles III's cancer treatment and his message to the public












